Laryngeal Mask Airway is an artificial airway developed by British doctor Brain in 1981 based on dissection of adult throat structures. Officially put into production in 1988, and applied to the clinical. In 1991, it was approved by the FDA for clinical use. In 2003, the number of patients used was more than 100 million.
According to the invention and timing of the laryngeal mask, it is divided into three categories: the first generation is the LMA; the second is the LMA-Fastrach (Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway, ILMA); the third is the double tube Cover (ProSeal-Laryngeal Mask Airway).
The main purpose of the mask:
1. As an airway between the mask and tracheal intubation is commonly used in the management of respiratory tract during general anesthesia, and it is possible to maintain spontaneous breathing as well as positive pressure ventilation;
2, for difficult airway treatment. At present, the effectiveness and safety of the third-generation laryngeal mask (double-laryngeal mask) in general anesthesia are greatly improved, and will gradually replace the ordinary mask.
Orthopharynx mask: Orthotic mask consists of three parts: ventilation tube, ventilation hood and inflation tube.
At present, there are three kinds of ordinary masks:
Laryngeal Mask Tube-Classic: It is mainly used for the management of respiratory tract during general anesthesia and the treatment of difficult airways. It is suitable for limbs, body surface, and short operation; it should keep its own breathing; if the lung compliance is good, TV 6-8ml/kg,RR8- 12 times/minute, peak airway pressure is 15-20cmH2O, IPPV can be used.
Laryngeal Tube-Flexible: used in clinical use in 1990. The snorkel can be bent. It is mainly used for eye, nose, throat, head, neck, and oral surgery. It can maintain spontaneous breathing or IPPV. Compared with the Laryngeal Airway-Classic, the ventilator has little effect on the surgical field, and the ventilator is not easily formed into an angle and does not cause obstruction of the ventilator.
Laryngeal Mask-Unique (Laptop Mask): Used in clinical practice since 1998. It is mainly used for airway management in cardiopulmonary resuscitation under emergency situations outside the operating room and emergency room. Because it is a one-time use, it can prevent cross-infection; made of PVC material, its performance is not as good as the above two kinds of ordinary mask.
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